ARCHITECHTURE or FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 8085

8085 Bus Structure:

Address Bus:

• The address bus is a group of 16 lines generally identified as A0 to A15.
• The address bus is unidirectional: bits flow in one direction-from the MPU to peripheral devices.
• The MPU uses the address bus to perform the first function: identifying a peripheral or a memory location.

Data Bus:

• The data bus is a group of eight lines used for data flow.
• These lines are bi-directional - data flow in both directions between the MPU and memory and peripheral devices.
• The MPU uses the data bus to perform the second function: transferring binary information.
• The eight data lines enable the MPU to manipulate 8-bit data ranging from 00 to FF (28 = 256 numbers).
• The largest number that can appear on the data bus is 11111111.

Control Bus:

• The control bus carries synchronization signals and providing timing signals.
• The MPU generates specific control signals for every operation it performs. These signals are used to identify a device type with which the MPU wants to communicate.

Registers of 8085:

• The 8085 have six general-purpose registers to store 8-bit data during program execution.
• These registers are identified as B, C, D, E, H, and L.
• They can be combined as register pairs-BC, DE, and HL-to perform some 16-bit operations.

Accumulator (A):

• The accumulator is an 8-bit register that is part of the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU).
• This register is used to store 8-bit data and to perform arithmetic and logical operations.
• The result of an operation is stored in the accumulator.

Flags:

• The ALU includes five flip-flops that are set or reset according to the result of an operation.
• The microprocessor uses the flags for testing the data conditions.
• They are Zero (Z), Carry (CY), Sign (S), Parity (P), and Auxiliary Carry (AC) flags. The most commonly used flags are Sign, Zero, and Carry.

The bit position for the flags in flag register is,

1.Sign Flag (S):

       After execution of any arithmetic and logical operation, if D7 of the result is 1, the sign                 flag is set. Otherwise it is reset.

       D7 is reserved for indicating the sign; the remaining is the magnitude of number.

       If D7 is 1, the number will be viewed as negative number. If D7 is 0, the number will be                viewed as positive number.

2.Zero Flag (z):

       If the result of arithmetic and logical operation is zero, then zero flag is set otherwise it is reset.

3.Auxiliary Carry Flag (AC):

       If D3 generates any carry when doing any   arithmetic and logical operation, this flag is set.

       Otherwise it is reset.

4.Parity Flag (P):

       If the result of arithmetic and logical operation contains even number of 1's then this flag will be        set and if it is odd number of 1's it will be reset.

5.Carry Flag (CY):

       If any arithmetic and logical operation result any carry then carry flag is set otherwise it is                reset.